Addressing Racial Inequities in Breastfeeding
Please note that I will be adding resources. If you have something you want to share, resource, study, article, please email me at info@motherjourney.com.
Handout
Resources
Weathering and Racism:
NPR - This Racism Inside is Killing Me
Battling Over Birth - Kindred Media
Black Women, Bad Weather - article by Tamela Gordon
By the Numbers: Infant Mortality Black neonates in Wisconsin face same risk of death as infants in Syria
CDC - Racial and Geographic Differences in Breastfeeding — United States, 2011–2015
CNN - Childbirth is killing black women in the US, and here's why
Disparities in Hospital-Reported Breast Milk Use in Neonatal Intensive Care Units — United States, 2015
Epigenetics and the Embodiment of Race: Developmental Origins of US Racial Disparities in Cardiovascular Health
Dr. Joy DeGruy - Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome
Nothing Protects Black Women From Dying in Pregnancy and Childbirth
The quiet crisis among African Americans: Pregnancy and childbirth are killing women at inexplicable rates
Genocide of Native People
Mental Health Issues Facing the Black Community
History (Past and Current) of Racism in Medicine:
THE RACIST ROOTS OF GYNECOLOGY & WHAT BLACK WOMEN BIRTHED
The Black Maternal Mortality Rate in the US Is an International Crisis
Breastfeeding America: What we know by Sunshine Muse
Healthy People Disparities in US Report
Disparities in Hospital-Reported Breast Milk Use in Neonatal Intensive Care Units — United States, 2015
Epigenetics:
For additional information on epigenetics (articles, videos, research), please visit the epigenetics page on my website. Click here.
What Is Intergenerational Trauma, and What Does It Have to Do with Racism?
Webinars/Movies on Equity and Addressing Racism:
Securing Our Own Masks Before Helping Others: Confronting Implicit Bias With Ourselves by Felicia Floyd with USBC
United States Breastfeeding Committee Racial Equity Webinars
PBS Series: Race The Power of Illusion
Unnatural Causes: Is Inequality making us sick?
Counteracting Racism Resources:
Counteracting Racism and Racial Bias to Support Teaching and Learning
Center for Racial Inclusion
How to Fight Racism
Racial Equity Tools
Race in Conversation: Equity in Practice, a Kirwan Institute Annual Report
White Nonsense Roundup
http://whitenonsenseroundup.comwhitenonsenseroundup.com
https://www.facebook.com/whitenonsenseroundup/
Haas Institute: For a Fair and Inclusive Society
Whites educating White (So POC don't have to)
Can Black People Be Racist? A Clapback Mailbag Special Edition
Explaining White Privilege To A Broke White Person
Why ‘Post-Racial’ Worldviews Are Actually Just Racism in Disguise
How privileged are you?
Harvard Implicit Bias Test
Books to Improve Your Knowledge and Understanding:
Racial Equity Institute Bibliography List
References
Bibliography:
• Alsaweed, M.; Hartmann, P.E.; Geddes, D.T.; Kakulas, F. MicroRNAs in breastmilk and the lactating breast: Potential immunoprotectors and developmental regulators for the infant and the mother. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health 2015, 12, 13981–14020.
• Alsaweed, M.; Lai, C.T.; Hartmann, P.E.; Geddes, D.T.; Kakulas, F. Human milk miRNAs primarily originate from the mammary gland resulting in unique miRNA profiles of fractionated milk. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 20680
• Anstey EH, Chen J, Elam-Evans LD, Perrine CG. Racial and Geographic Differences in Breastfeeding — United States, 2011–2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017;66:723–727
• Bayol SA & Stickland NC. Maternal “junk food” diet and post-natal development. Nova Acta Leopoldina. 2011; 382:21-26.
• Begum, G. et al., A. Epigenetic changes in fetal hypothalamic energy regulating pathways are associated with maternal undernutrition and twinning. The FASEB Journal, 2012; 26 (4): 1694 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-198762
• Bicking Kinsey, Cara, and Judith E. Hupcey. “STATE OF THE SCIENCE OF MATERNAL-INFANT BONDING: A PRINCIPLE-BASED CONCEPT ANALYSIS.” Midwifery 29.12 (2013): 10.1016/j.midw.2012.12.019. PMC. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.
• Black RE, Allen LH, Bhutta ZA, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet. 2008;371(9608):243-260.
• Bogoch, Y., Biala, Y. N., Linial, M., and Weinstock, M. (2007). Anxiety induced by prenatal stress is associated with suppression of hippocampal genes involved in synaptic function. J. Neurochem. 101, 1018–1030. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04402.x
• Burris, Heather H., and James W. Collins Jr. "Commentary: race and preterm birth-the case for epigenetic inquiry." Ethnicity & disease 20 (2010): 296-299.
• Canani, R et al. Epigenetic mechanisms elicited by nutrition in early life. Nutrition research reviews, 2011. 24; 198-205.
• Chung, et al. Role of Compensatory Mammary Growth in Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression. FASEB Journal. Vol. 19. 2005
• Costandi, M. Microbes manipulate your mind. Scientific American Mind. 2012. 23(3)
• Curley, James P., and Frances A. Champagne. "Influence of maternal care on the developing brain: Mechanisms, temporal dynamics and sensitive periods." Frontiers in neuroendocrinology 40 (2016): 52-66.
• Currie, Janet, and Maya Rossin‐Slater. "Early‐life origins of life‐cycle well‐being: Research and policy implications." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 34.1 (2015): 208-242.
• DOHaD. International Society for the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. Available at http://www.mrc.soton. ac.uk/dohad/index.asp. Accessed 14 January 2013.
• Dolinoy, Dana C., et al. "Maternal genistein alters coat color and protects A vy mouse offspring from obesity by modifying the fetal epigenome." Environmental health perspectives (2006): 567-572.
• Doneray H, Orbak Z, Yildiz L: The relationship between breast milk leptin and neonatal weight gain. Acta Paediatr. 98(4), 643–647 (2009).
• Dos Santos, Camila et al. An Epigenetic Memory of Pregnancy in the Mouse Mammary Gland. Cell reports. May 7, 2015.
• Einstein, Francine. Challenges of Linking Early-Life Conditions and Disease Susceptibility. Diabetes May 2012 61:981-982; doi:10.2337/db12-0087
• Fernández L, et al. The human milk microbiota: Origin and potential roles in health and disease. PharmacolRes (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2012.09.001
• Flannick, J et al.Assessing the phenotypic effects in the general population of rare variants in genes for a dominanat Mendelian form of diabetes. Nat Genet. 2013. 45(11): 1380-1385.
• Floris, I.; Billard, H.; Boquien, C.Y.; Joram-Gauvard, E.; Simon, L.; Legrand, A.; Boscher, C.; Roze, J.C.; Bolanos-Jimenez, F.; Kaeffer, B. miRNA analysis by quantitative PCR in preterm human breast milk reveals daily fluctuations of hsa-miR-16–5p. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0140488.
• Floris, Ilaria, Jamie D. Kraft, and Illimar Altosaar. "Roles of MicroRNA across Prenatal and Postnatal Periods." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17.12 (2016).
• Geronimus, Arline T., et al. "“Weathering” and age patterns of allostatic load scores among blacks and whites in the United States." American journal of public health 96.5 (2006): 826-833.
•
• Geronimus, Arline T. "Deep integration: Letting the epigenome out of the bottle without losing sight of the structural origins of population health." American journal of public health 103.S1 (2013): S56-S63.
• Gomez-Gallego, Carlos, et al. "The human milk microbiome and factors influencing its composition and activity." Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. Vol. 21. No. 6. WB Saunders, 2016.
• Gluckman PD, Hanson MA. Living with the past: evolution, development and patterns of disease. Science 2004;305:1733–6.
• Huang, Li-Tung. "Early-life stress impacts the developing hippocampus and primes seizure occurrence: cellular, molecular, and epigenetic mechanisms." Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 7 (2014): 8.
• Hrycko, Angelique. "Beyond Prenatal Care: A Pilot Study on Becoming a Life Course Friendly Agency." (2012).
• Ilcol YO, Hizli ZB, Ozkan T: Leptin concentration in breast milk and its relationship to duration of lactation and hormonal status. Int. Breastfeed J. 1, 21(2006).
• Karlsson, Oskar, et al. "Detection of long non-coding RNAs in human breastmilk extracellular vesicles: Implications for early child development." Epigenetics 11.10 (2016): 721-729.
• Kelly, John R., et al. "Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat." Journal of Psychiatric Research 82 (2016): 109-118.
• Kosaka et al.: microRNA as a new immune-regulatory agent in breast milk. Silence, 2010,1:7.
• Kuzawa, C. W. and Sweet, E. (2009), Epigenetics and the embodiment of race: Developmental origins of US racial disparities in cardiovascular health. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 21: 2–15. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.20822
• Kuwaza, C. et al. Timescale of human adaptation: the role of epigenetic processes. Epigenomics, 3(2), 221-234, 2011.
• Kuzawa CW: Fetal origins of developmental plasticity: are fetal cues reliable predictors of future nutritional environments? Am. J. Human Biol. 17(1), 5–21 (2005).
• Jablonka E, Lamb M. The inheritance of acquired epigenetic variations. J Theoret Biol. 1989; 139:59-83.
• Jablonka E, Lamb M. Epigenetic inheritance and Evolution: the Lamarckian dimension. 1995: Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• Langley-Evans, SC. Nutrition in early life and the programming of adult disease: a review. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2014 Jan 31. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12212.
• Lee, YK. Has the microbiotica played a critical role in the evolution of the adaptive immune system? Science. 2010. 330 (6012) 1768-1773.
• Lundström, Johan N., et al. "Maternal status regulates cortical responses to the body odor of newborns." (2013).
• Majnik, Amber V., and Robert H. Lane. "The relationship between early-life environment, the epigenome and the microbiota." Epigenomics 7.7 (2015): 1173-1184.
• Maningat, P.D.; Sen, P.; Rijnkels, M.; Sunehag, A.L.; Hadsell, D.L.; Bray, M.; Haymond, M.W. Gene expression in the human mammary epithelium during lactation: The milk fat globule transcriptome. Physiol. Genom. 2009, 37, 12–22
• Margolis, Kara Gross, and Michael D. Gershon. "Enteric Neuronal Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation." Trends in Neurosciences 39.9 (2016): 614-624.
• Melnik, B.C.; Kakulas, F.; Geddes, D.T.; Hartmann, P.E.; John, S.M.; Carrera-Bastos, P.; Cordain, L.; Schmitz, G. Milk miRNAs: Simple nutrients or systemic functional regulators? Nutr. Metab. 2016, 13, 1–5.
• Miralles O, Sanchez J, Palou A, Pico C: A physiological role of breast milk leptin in body weight control in developing infants. Obesity (Silver Spring) 14(8), 1371–1377 (2006).
• Mischke, Mona and Torsten Plösch Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013;304:R1065-R1069
• Mischke, Mona and Torsten Plösch Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013;304:R1065-R1069
• Na, R.S.; E, G.X.; Sun, W.; Sun, X.W.; Qiu, X.Y.; Chen, L.P.; Huang, Y.F. Expressional analysis of immune-related miRNAs in breast milk. Genet. Mol. Res. 2015, 14, 11371–11376.
• National Institutes of Health. National Human Genome Research Institute. Al About the Human Genome Project. Accessed Jan 2014. http://www.genome.gov/10001772
• Nilsson, E et al. Environmentally Induces Transgenerational Inheritance of Ovarian Disease. PLOS One. May 03, 2012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036129
• Notterman, Daniel A., and Colter Mitchell. "Epigenetics and understanding the impact of social determinants of health." Pediatric clinics of North America62.5 (2015): 1227.
• Obermann-Borst, S et al. Duration of breastfeeding and gender are associated with methylation of the Leptin gene in very young children. Pediatr Res 74: 344-349; advance online publication, July 24, 2013; doi:10.1038/pr.2013.95
• Ozkan et al.: Milk kinship hypothesis in light of epigenetic knowledge. Clinical Epigenetics 2012, 4-14.
• Park, Chung. Role of compensatory mammary growth in epigenetic control of gene expression. FASEB Journal, 2005. Vol 19, no. 12.
• Rasmussen KM, Habicht J-P: Maternal supplementation differentially affects the mother and newborn. J. Nutr. 140(2), 402–406 (2010).
• Savino F, Liguori SA, Fissore MF, Oggero R: Breast milk hormones and their protective effect on obesity. Int. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. 2009, 327505 (2009).
• Savino F, Liguori SA, Oggero R, Silvestro L, Miniero R: Maternal BMI and serum leptin concentration of infants in the first year of life. Acta Paediatr. 95(4), 414–418 (2006).
• Simmons, R. Epigenetics and maternal nutrition: nature v. nurture. Proc Nutr Soc. Nov 29:1-9, 2010.
• Sherman, Michael P., Habib Zaghouani, and Victoria Niklas. "Gut microbiota, the immune system, and diet influence the neonatal gut-brain axis." Pediatric research 77.1-2 (2014): 127-135.
• Sternthal, Michelle Judith. The social determinants of health disparities: The role of social and temporal contexts. Diss. University of Michigan, 2008.
• Sullivan, Shannon. "Inheriting racist disparities in health: Epigenetics and the transgenerational effects of white racism." Critical Philosophy of Race 1.2 (2013): 190-218.
• Thayer, Z et al. Biological memories of past environments. Epigenetics 6:7, 798-803: July 2011.
• T.H.-T. Tan, et al. The Role of Genetics and Environment in the Rise of Childhood Food Allergy. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2012 (42) 20-29.
• Tow, Jennifer. Heal the mother, heal the baby: epigenetics, breastfeeding and the human microbiome. Breastfeeding Review 2014. 22(1): 7-9.
• Valles, Y. et al. Metagenomics and the development of the gut microbiotica in infants. http://www.lcg.unam.mx/frontiers/files/frontiers/Valle%60s_etal_final.pdf
• Verduci, E.; Banderali, G.; Barberi, S.; Radaelli, G.; Lops, A.; Betti, F.; Riva, E.; Giovannini, M. Epigenetic Effects of Human Breast Milk. Nutrients 2014, 6, 1711-1724.
• Waly, M. et al. Prenatal and Postnatal Epigenetic Programming: Implications for GI, Immune, and Neuronal Function in Autism. Autism Research and Treatment. Volume 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/190930
• Waterland, Robert and Jirtle, Randy. Early Nutrition, Epigenetic Changes at Transpoons and Imprinted Genes, and 20:63-68. 2004.
• Weaver, I.C. et al. (2004) Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior. Nature Neuroscience, 7(8), 847-854.
• Weinhold, Bob. Epigenetics: The Science of Change. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2006; vol 114(3), 160-167.
• Weinstick, M. Changes induced by prenatal stress in behavior and brain morphology: can they be prevented or reversed? Adv Neurobiol. 2015;10:3-25. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1372-5_1.
• Willis, Earnestine, et al. "Conquering racial disparities in perinatal outcomes." Clinics in perinatology 41.4 (2014): 847-875.
• Alsaweed, M.; Hartmann, P.E.; Geddes, D.T.; Kakulas, F. MicroRNAs in breastmilk and the lactating breast: Potential immunoprotectors and developmental regulators for the infant and the mother. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health 2015, 12, 13981–14020.
• Alsaweed, M.; Lai, C.T.; Hartmann, P.E.; Geddes, D.T.; Kakulas, F. Human milk miRNAs primarily originate from the mammary gland resulting in unique miRNA profiles of fractionated milk. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 20680
• Anstey EH, Chen J, Elam-Evans LD, Perrine CG. Racial and Geographic Differences in Breastfeeding — United States, 2011–2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017;66:723–727
• Bayol SA & Stickland NC. Maternal “junk food” diet and post-natal development. Nova Acta Leopoldina. 2011; 382:21-26.
• Begum, G. et al., A. Epigenetic changes in fetal hypothalamic energy regulating pathways are associated with maternal undernutrition and twinning. The FASEB Journal, 2012; 26 (4): 1694 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-198762
• Bicking Kinsey, Cara, and Judith E. Hupcey. “STATE OF THE SCIENCE OF MATERNAL-INFANT BONDING: A PRINCIPLE-BASED CONCEPT ANALYSIS.” Midwifery 29.12 (2013): 10.1016/j.midw.2012.12.019. PMC. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.
• Black RE, Allen LH, Bhutta ZA, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet. 2008;371(9608):243-260.
• Bogoch, Y., Biala, Y. N., Linial, M., and Weinstock, M. (2007). Anxiety induced by prenatal stress is associated with suppression of hippocampal genes involved in synaptic function. J. Neurochem. 101, 1018–1030. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04402.x
• Burris, Heather H., and James W. Collins Jr. "Commentary: race and preterm birth-the case for epigenetic inquiry." Ethnicity & disease 20 (2010): 296-299.
• Canani, R et al. Epigenetic mechanisms elicited by nutrition in early life. Nutrition research reviews, 2011. 24; 198-205.
• Chung, et al. Role of Compensatory Mammary Growth in Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression. FASEB Journal. Vol. 19. 2005
• Costandi, M. Microbes manipulate your mind. Scientific American Mind. 2012. 23(3)
• Curley, James P., and Frances A. Champagne. "Influence of maternal care on the developing brain: Mechanisms, temporal dynamics and sensitive periods." Frontiers in neuroendocrinology 40 (2016): 52-66.
• Currie, Janet, and Maya Rossin‐Slater. "Early‐life origins of life‐cycle well‐being: Research and policy implications." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 34.1 (2015): 208-242.
• DOHaD. International Society for the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. Available at http://www.mrc.soton. ac.uk/dohad/index.asp. Accessed 14 January 2013.
• Dolinoy, Dana C., et al. "Maternal genistein alters coat color and protects A vy mouse offspring from obesity by modifying the fetal epigenome." Environmental health perspectives (2006): 567-572.
• Doneray H, Orbak Z, Yildiz L: The relationship between breast milk leptin and neonatal weight gain. Acta Paediatr. 98(4), 643–647 (2009).
• Dos Santos, Camila et al. An Epigenetic Memory of Pregnancy in the Mouse Mammary Gland. Cell reports. May 7, 2015.
• Einstein, Francine. Challenges of Linking Early-Life Conditions and Disease Susceptibility. Diabetes May 2012 61:981-982; doi:10.2337/db12-0087
• Fernández L, et al. The human milk microbiota: Origin and potential roles in health and disease. PharmacolRes (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2012.09.001
• Flannick, J et al.Assessing the phenotypic effects in the general population of rare variants in genes for a dominanat Mendelian form of diabetes. Nat Genet. 2013. 45(11): 1380-1385.
• Floris, I.; Billard, H.; Boquien, C.Y.; Joram-Gauvard, E.; Simon, L.; Legrand, A.; Boscher, C.; Roze, J.C.; Bolanos-Jimenez, F.; Kaeffer, B. miRNA analysis by quantitative PCR in preterm human breast milk reveals daily fluctuations of hsa-miR-16–5p. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0140488.
• Floris, Ilaria, Jamie D. Kraft, and Illimar Altosaar. "Roles of MicroRNA across Prenatal and Postnatal Periods." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17.12 (2016).
• Geronimus, Arline T., et al. "“Weathering” and age patterns of allostatic load scores among blacks and whites in the United States." American journal of public health 96.5 (2006): 826-833.
•
• Geronimus, Arline T. "Deep integration: Letting the epigenome out of the bottle without losing sight of the structural origins of population health." American journal of public health 103.S1 (2013): S56-S63.
• Gomez-Gallego, Carlos, et al. "The human milk microbiome and factors influencing its composition and activity." Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. Vol. 21. No. 6. WB Saunders, 2016.
• Gluckman PD, Hanson MA. Living with the past: evolution, development and patterns of disease. Science 2004;305:1733–6.
• Huang, Li-Tung. "Early-life stress impacts the developing hippocampus and primes seizure occurrence: cellular, molecular, and epigenetic mechanisms." Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 7 (2014): 8.
• Hrycko, Angelique. "Beyond Prenatal Care: A Pilot Study on Becoming a Life Course Friendly Agency." (2012).
• Ilcol YO, Hizli ZB, Ozkan T: Leptin concentration in breast milk and its relationship to duration of lactation and hormonal status. Int. Breastfeed J. 1, 21(2006).
• Karlsson, Oskar, et al. "Detection of long non-coding RNAs in human breastmilk extracellular vesicles: Implications for early child development." Epigenetics 11.10 (2016): 721-729.
• Kelly, John R., et al. "Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat." Journal of Psychiatric Research 82 (2016): 109-118.
• Kosaka et al.: microRNA as a new immune-regulatory agent in breast milk. Silence, 2010,1:7.
• Kuzawa, C. W. and Sweet, E. (2009), Epigenetics and the embodiment of race: Developmental origins of US racial disparities in cardiovascular health. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 21: 2–15. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.20822
• Kuwaza, C. et al. Timescale of human adaptation: the role of epigenetic processes. Epigenomics, 3(2), 221-234, 2011.
• Kuzawa CW: Fetal origins of developmental plasticity: are fetal cues reliable predictors of future nutritional environments? Am. J. Human Biol. 17(1), 5–21 (2005).
• Jablonka E, Lamb M. The inheritance of acquired epigenetic variations. J Theoret Biol. 1989; 139:59-83.
• Jablonka E, Lamb M. Epigenetic inheritance and Evolution: the Lamarckian dimension. 1995: Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• Langley-Evans, SC. Nutrition in early life and the programming of adult disease: a review. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2014 Jan 31. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12212.
• Lee, YK. Has the microbiotica played a critical role in the evolution of the adaptive immune system? Science. 2010. 330 (6012) 1768-1773.
• Lundström, Johan N., et al. "Maternal status regulates cortical responses to the body odor of newborns." (2013).
• Majnik, Amber V., and Robert H. Lane. "The relationship between early-life environment, the epigenome and the microbiota." Epigenomics 7.7 (2015): 1173-1184.
• Maningat, P.D.; Sen, P.; Rijnkels, M.; Sunehag, A.L.; Hadsell, D.L.; Bray, M.; Haymond, M.W. Gene expression in the human mammary epithelium during lactation: The milk fat globule transcriptome. Physiol. Genom. 2009, 37, 12–22
• Margolis, Kara Gross, and Michael D. Gershon. "Enteric Neuronal Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation." Trends in Neurosciences 39.9 (2016): 614-624.
• Melnik, B.C.; Kakulas, F.; Geddes, D.T.; Hartmann, P.E.; John, S.M.; Carrera-Bastos, P.; Cordain, L.; Schmitz, G. Milk miRNAs: Simple nutrients or systemic functional regulators? Nutr. Metab. 2016, 13, 1–5.
• Miralles O, Sanchez J, Palou A, Pico C: A physiological role of breast milk leptin in body weight control in developing infants. Obesity (Silver Spring) 14(8), 1371–1377 (2006).
• Mischke, Mona and Torsten Plösch Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013;304:R1065-R1069
• Mischke, Mona and Torsten Plösch Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013;304:R1065-R1069
• Na, R.S.; E, G.X.; Sun, W.; Sun, X.W.; Qiu, X.Y.; Chen, L.P.; Huang, Y.F. Expressional analysis of immune-related miRNAs in breast milk. Genet. Mol. Res. 2015, 14, 11371–11376.
• National Institutes of Health. National Human Genome Research Institute. Al About the Human Genome Project. Accessed Jan 2014. http://www.genome.gov/10001772
• Nilsson, E et al. Environmentally Induces Transgenerational Inheritance of Ovarian Disease. PLOS One. May 03, 2012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036129
• Notterman, Daniel A., and Colter Mitchell. "Epigenetics and understanding the impact of social determinants of health." Pediatric clinics of North America62.5 (2015): 1227.
• Obermann-Borst, S et al. Duration of breastfeeding and gender are associated with methylation of the Leptin gene in very young children. Pediatr Res 74: 344-349; advance online publication, July 24, 2013; doi:10.1038/pr.2013.95
• Ozkan et al.: Milk kinship hypothesis in light of epigenetic knowledge. Clinical Epigenetics 2012, 4-14.
• Park, Chung. Role of compensatory mammary growth in epigenetic control of gene expression. FASEB Journal, 2005. Vol 19, no. 12.
• Rasmussen KM, Habicht J-P: Maternal supplementation differentially affects the mother and newborn. J. Nutr. 140(2), 402–406 (2010).
• Savino F, Liguori SA, Fissore MF, Oggero R: Breast milk hormones and their protective effect on obesity. Int. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. 2009, 327505 (2009).
• Savino F, Liguori SA, Oggero R, Silvestro L, Miniero R: Maternal BMI and serum leptin concentration of infants in the first year of life. Acta Paediatr. 95(4), 414–418 (2006).
• Simmons, R. Epigenetics and maternal nutrition: nature v. nurture. Proc Nutr Soc. Nov 29:1-9, 2010.
• Sherman, Michael P., Habib Zaghouani, and Victoria Niklas. "Gut microbiota, the immune system, and diet influence the neonatal gut-brain axis." Pediatric research 77.1-2 (2014): 127-135.
• Sternthal, Michelle Judith. The social determinants of health disparities: The role of social and temporal contexts. Diss. University of Michigan, 2008.
• Sullivan, Shannon. "Inheriting racist disparities in health: Epigenetics and the transgenerational effects of white racism." Critical Philosophy of Race 1.2 (2013): 190-218.
• Thayer, Z et al. Biological memories of past environments. Epigenetics 6:7, 798-803: July 2011.
• T.H.-T. Tan, et al. The Role of Genetics and Environment in the Rise of Childhood Food Allergy. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2012 (42) 20-29.
• Tow, Jennifer. Heal the mother, heal the baby: epigenetics, breastfeeding and the human microbiome. Breastfeeding Review 2014. 22(1): 7-9.
• Valles, Y. et al. Metagenomics and the development of the gut microbiotica in infants. http://www.lcg.unam.mx/frontiers/files/frontiers/Valle%60s_etal_final.pdf
• Verduci, E.; Banderali, G.; Barberi, S.; Radaelli, G.; Lops, A.; Betti, F.; Riva, E.; Giovannini, M. Epigenetic Effects of Human Breast Milk. Nutrients 2014, 6, 1711-1724.
• Waly, M. et al. Prenatal and Postnatal Epigenetic Programming: Implications for GI, Immune, and Neuronal Function in Autism. Autism Research and Treatment. Volume 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/190930
• Waterland, Robert and Jirtle, Randy. Early Nutrition, Epigenetic Changes at Transpoons and Imprinted Genes, and 20:63-68. 2004.
• Weaver, I.C. et al. (2004) Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior. Nature Neuroscience, 7(8), 847-854.
• Weinhold, Bob. Epigenetics: The Science of Change. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2006; vol 114(3), 160-167.
• Weinstick, M. Changes induced by prenatal stress in behavior and brain morphology: can they be prevented or reversed? Adv Neurobiol. 2015;10:3-25. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1372-5_1.
• Willis, Earnestine, et al. "Conquering racial disparities in perinatal outcomes." Clinics in perinatology 41.4 (2014): 847-875.